Sedação e Analgesia Pediátrica: comentários acerca das drogas utilizadas em procedimentos no pronto‐socorro e os cuidados necessários antes, durante e após a sedoanalgesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v12i42.1549Palavras-chave:
Sedação, Analgesia, sedoanalgesia pediátricaResumo
O principal objetivo da sedação em pediatria, está relacionado a necessidade de controlar o comportamento da criança ou adolescente, para que seja possível realizar um procedimento da forma mais segura possível. Especialmente em relação ao público infantil, cuja compreensão dos fatos é menor, a ansiedade e o medo podem causar dificuldade de se conseguir a colaboração do paciente. É importante que o local disponibilize de profissionais qualificados em sedoanalgesia pediátrica, como forma de evitar a dor imediata e possíveis traumas futuros no paciente.
Downloads
Referências
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ANESTHESIOLOGISTS. Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non‐anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology, 96, 2002.
BARTOLOME, S.M.; CID, J.L.; FREDDI, N. Analgesia and sedation in children: practical approach for the most frequent situations. J Pediatr (Rio J), 83, 2007.
BATALGA, L. M. C. B.; CARREIRA, M. C. G.; CORREIA, M. M. C. Dor para não ter dor: aplicação de anestésico tópico. Rev. Enf. Ref. Vol. 3(5), Coimbra, dez, 2011.
BEYER, J.E.; ARADINE, C.R. Content validity of an instrument to measure young children's perceptions of the intensity of their pain. J Pediatr Nurs, 1, 1986.
BORLAND, M.; MILSON, S.; ESSON, A. Equivalency of two concentrations of fentanyl administered by the intranasal route for acute analgesia in children in a paediatric emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. Emerg Med Aust, 23, 2011.
BUTLER, M.G.; HAYES, B.G.; HATHAWAY, M.M.; BEGLEITER, M.L. Specific genetic diseases at risk for sedation/anesthesia complications. Anesth Analg, 91, 2000.
BÜTTNER, W.; FINKE, W. Analysis of behavioural and physiological parameters for the assessment of postoperative analgesic demand in newborns, infants and young children: a comprehensive report on seven consecutive studies. Paediatr Anaesth, 10, 2000.
CARNEY, L.; KENDRICL, J.; CARR, R. Safety and effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in the pediatric intensive care unit (SAD‐PICU). Can J Hosp Pharm, 66, 2013
CARVALHO, W. B.; TROSTER, E.J. Sedação e analgesia para procedimentos no pronto-socorro de pediatria. J Pediatr (Rio J), 75, 1999.
CHIARETTI, A.; BARONE, G.; RIGANTE, D.; RUGGIERO, A.; PIERRI, F.; BARBI, E. Intranasal lidocaine and midazolam for procedural sedation in children. Arch Dis Child, 96, 2011.
COTÉ, C. J.; WILSON, S. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: update 2016, Pediatrics, 138, 2016.
CRELLIN, D.; SULLIVAN, T.P.; BABL, F. E.; O'SULLIVAN, R.; HUTCHINSON, A. Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting. Paediatr Anaesth, 17, 2007.
GARRA, G.; SINGER, A. J.; TAIRA, B. R.; CHOHAN, J.; CARDOZ, H.; CHISENA, e. Validation of the Wong‐Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale in pediatric emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med, 17, 2010.
GODAMBE, S.A.; ELLIOT, V.; MARGENY, D.; PERSHAD, J. Comparison of propofol/fentanyl versus ketamine/midazolam for brief orthopedic procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department, Pediatrics, 112, 2003.
GOZAL, D.; MASON, K.P. Pediatric sedation: a global challenge. Int J Pediatric, 2010.
GRIFFITH, N.; HOWELL, S.; MASSON, D.G. Intranasal midazolam for premedication of children undergoing day‐case anesthesia: comparison of two delivery systems with assessment of intra‐observer variability. Br J Anesth, 81, 1998.
GRIFFITHS, M.A.; KAMAT, P.P.; MCCRACKEN, C.E.; SIMON, H.K. Is procedural sedation with propofol acceptable for complex imaging? A comparison of short vs. prolonged sedations in children. Pediatr Radiol, 43, 2013.
KRAUSS, B; GREEN, S.M. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet, 367, 2006.
KRAUSS, B. S.; KRAUSS, B.A.; GREEN, S.M. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Engl J Med, 370, 2014.
LABROO, R.B; PAINE, M.F.; THUMMEL, K.E.; KHARASCH, E.D. Fentanyl metabolism by human hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P4503A4: implications for interindividual variability in disposition, efficacy, and drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos, 25, 1997.
LAGO, P. M.; PIVA, J. P.; RAMOS, P. C. R. G.; SFOGGIA, A.; KNIGHT, G.; RAMELET, A.S.; DUNCAN, A. Analgesia e sedação em situações de emergência e unidades de tratamento intensivo pediátrico. J Pediatr (Rio J), 73, 2003.
LECUSSÁN, P. A criança e o diagnóstico. O pediatra deve contar à criança doente seu diagnóstico? Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. vol.47 no.4 São Paulo Oct./Dec. 2001
MASON, K.P. Challenges in paediatric procedural sedation: political, economic, and clinical aspects, Br J Anaesth, 2014.
MASON, K.P.; LERMAN, J. Review article: dexmedetomidine in children: current knowledge and future applications. Anesth Analg, 113, 2011.
MERKEL, S.I.; VOEPEL-LEWIS, T.; SHAYEVITZ, J.R.; MALVIYA, S. The FLACC: a behavioral scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatr Nurs, 23, 1997.
MCCOY, S.; LYTTLE, M.D; HARTSHORN, S.; LARKIN, P.; BRENNER, M.; O'SULLIVAN, R. A qualitative study of the barriers to procedural sedation practices in paediatric emergency medicine in the UK and Ireland. Emerg Med J, 33, 2016.
MIYAKE, R.S.; REIS, A.G.; GRISI, S. Sedation and analgesia for children. Rev Assoc Med Bras, 1998.
RAMALHO, C.E.; BRETAS, P.M., SCHVARTSMAN, C., REIS, A.G. Sedação e analgesia para procedimentos no pronto-socorro de pediatria. J Pediatr (Rio J), 93, 2017.
RANG, H.P.; DALE, M.M.; RITTER, J.M.; FLOWER, Ritter.; HENDERSON, G. Farmacologia, 7ª ed., Elsevier, Rio de Janeiro (2012).
ROBACK, M.G.; WATHEN, J.E.; BAJAJ, L., BOTHNER, J.P. Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs. Acad Emerg Med, 12, 2005.
SAUTER, T.C.; HAUTZ, W.E.; HOSTETTLER, S.; BRODMANN-MAEDER, M.; MARTINOLLI, L.; LEHMANN, B. Interprofessional and interdisciplinary simulation‐based training leads to safe sedation procedures in the emergency department. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 24, 2016.
TACLA, M. T. G. M. Cuidado à criança com dor pós-operatória: experiências de enfermeiras pediatras. Tese (Doutorado), Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, 2006.
TOBIAS, J. D., LEDER, M. Procedural sedation: a review of sedative agents, monitoring, and management of complications. Saudi J Anaesth, 5, 2011.
TODD, K. H.; FUNK, K.G.; FUNK, J.P.; BONACCI, R. Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med, 27, 1996.
ZAVERI, P.P.; DAVIS, A.B.; O’CONNELL, K.J.; WILLNER, E.; SCHINASI, D.A.; OTTOLINI, M. Virtual reality for pediatric sedation: a randomized controlled trial using simulation. Cureus, 8, 2016.
WRIGHT, S.W.; CHUDNOFSKY, C.R.; DRONEN, S.C.; KOTHARI, R., BIRRER, P., BLANTON, D.M. Comparison of midazolam and diazepam fr conscious sedation in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med, 22, 1993.
STANSKI, D.R.; GREENBLATT, D.J.; LOWENSTEIN, E. Kinetics of intravenous and intramuscular morphine. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 24, 1978.
SMITH, D.; CHEEK, H.; DENSON, B.; PRUITT, C.M. Pruitt. Lidocaine pretreatment reduces the discomfort of intranasal midazolam administration: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med, 24, 2017.
SUKYS, G.A.; SCHVARTSMAN, C.; REIS, A.G. Avaliação da sequência rápida de intubação em pronto-socorro pediátrico. J Pediatr (Rio J), 87, 2011.
NOTTERMAN, D.A. Sedation with intravenous midazolam in the pediatric intensive care unit. Clin Pediatr (Phila), 36, 1997.
YOUNG, P.A.; NICOL, M.F.; KENDALL, J.M.; HARRINGTON, A.P. A prospective randomized pilot comparison of intranasal fentanyl and intramuscular morphine for analgesia in children presenting to the emergency department with clinical fractures. Emerg Med, 11, 1999.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Os autores detêm os direitos autorais sem restrições, devendo informar a publicação inicial nesta revista, em caso de nova publicação de algum trabalho.